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IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD ATHES.

WLLIAM H; WUSSOW, OF AURORA, ILLINOIS. i ,i Letters Patent No. 60,317, dated December 4, '1866. i i i 'SPEGIFIGA'I'IO' T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it knownv that I, WILLIAM HJUSSOW, of Aurora, in the county. of Kane, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Turning Axles, and other similar Irregular`- Forms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference :being t had to the accompanying drawings of the same, which form part of this specification, and ;inwhich- Figure l represents a top or birdseye view of a machine embracing my improvements.

Fignre 2 represents an elevation of the front side of the same. i i I Figure 3 represents a Vertical transversesectionof the same at the dotted line a; of fg. 1.

Figure 4 represents a similar section taken at the line o o of fig. 1, showing thecutter frame turned uponl its axis, so as to lift the cutters out of the way, in removing the finishedarticle and replacing itwith another piece of Wood to beturned. i W w Figura 5 represents a similar section at the line-x a: of fig. 2. i i In the accompanying drawings, A represents the frame, of rectangular form, and upon which the several parts of the mechanism are arranged and secured. The two longitudinal top pieces of this frame are metallic beams A', having parallel ways a a', to receive and guide a horizontal travelling. carriage, and the standards` i which support the lcentres to which the pattern and the rough material are respectivelysecured. Thewaysa a, which support and guide the cutter carriage, are formed on therinner upper sides ofthetbeams A', and the ways`` y a' a', for the centre standards, are'outside of the ways) a, so` that the cutter carriage is located and ti'avels` i i between thecentres of the pattern and of the material tojbe tlirned, while the pattern and the `roughfmaterial= i i are'respectively located directly above the side beams of the frame. The standards B B' 'support tubular holders; i b b', in which the fixed centres O C' are h'eld and clamped by screws c c'. These standards are securedtothe ti ways a' a' by clamp bolts d ol', pas'sing through longitndinal openings e' in the metallic beams, so :that they z may bo adjusted to suit the length of the pattern and the artcleto be turned. Tw'o fixed standardsdl) D' are sccured to the beams A', at the left end of the machine, and`support mandrels E E', which carry and give motion to the centres F', to which the pattern and 'the material to, be turned are secured. These mandrels are made: t with sockets, and the centres are madge with shanks, so as to fit into the sockets, andsecured by screws. f The` fixed and revolving centres- G and F have a common axis, but'the centres which carry the pattern are'higher,` than those which carry the material to be turned; the object of which will'appear hereafter. i The pattern Gg representedin the draw'ings, isVone-half the length of an aXle, and shows therefore only a section: of a full pattern but it will be'-readily understood that the pattern, of whatevei` form, mustbe complete in the working 1 machine. The carriage of the cutter frame consists of a-'horizontalopen 'metallic frame H, fitted'with grooves i to receive the ways a, over whichiit is made to'itraverse back and vforth, byia horizontal screw`I,"lo'cated` centrally`` on the top of the frame, and'having its bearings ateach end thereof. The connection of the c'arriagewith thei i feeding screw is made by means ofan arm h (fig. projectinglfrom the 'right end of the carriage`` H, and having i i cut therein a female screw, into which the feeding screw fits and work, From each end of 'this carriage,` a stani l i dard J risos, in whos upper ends the journals jiare fitted which suppor't'the cutter'frame 'KJ This frarncis z composed of four bars, or may be cast inone piece, and is suspen'ded by its journals j in a hori'zontal position,` so that its supports will bo near-er ;therear end than the front end of the frame proper, and consequen-tlycause` i its front end to prepondera'te,.although its position when in operation will be always'horiaontal. Its length `is greater than its width, and extcnds across the top of the frame, carrying at its front endthe cutters, and atiits rear end the guide which lreceiyes and transmits to the cutters the motious of theripattern. The cutter frame being thus located and arranged, brings 'the cutters directly, over the inaterialito `be turned, anxl the `guide`` directly beneath the pattern, and the weight of the cutter side of the frame preponderatiug, maintains thecntters 1 in contact with the material and the guide in-contact with the pattern.`` The cutters are mounted upon dnc end;` of a shaft having its bearings Z in the front end of theframeK, nearly verticallysin a lin`e3with' the axisiof the` material to be turned, and they consist of two circular saws m, and arched or bowed blades, theuformer being i: j secured by nuts and washcrs to two discs a, with a suflicient space between them to receive archedfcutters o, also sccured to the discs n. The circular cutters are of suitable diameter and of equ'al'size, are for roughing w the material; and the cutters o occupy the space between them, being in thisinstance'four in number,` and=comf i posed of steel bladcs, bowed or arehed, with their ends secured to the discs in any suitable man'ner thatiwill i admit'of adjustment, and with their cutting edges projecting beyond the circumference of the circular cutters,``

for the purpose of shaving: and dressi-ng the material. The dislcs are cast with a hub o' andthe circular cutters l are secured to theoutsides of the discs. From the opposi-te end of the cutter frame, ana-rm K' projects horizon J tally' for supporting the. guide L, directlybeneath' the patte'r The upper portion of the guide is convex, and is kept in contact with the surface of the revolving pattern by the preponderating weightl of the front end of the' cutter frame. It is secured to the arm by a thumb screw Lf, which is free to turn, but is secured to the arm, so U l that the guide can be adjusted higher or lower, and'thereby increase or diminish the size oftheiarticle to be turned, with' one and the same pattern, by increasing or diminishing the amount of the Vertical motion of the o'utter; or the article may be turned the same size of the pattern. The. guideis held firmly to the arm by two guide pinsp, by one of which it is also champed by a screw q, for holding it' securely when set. Coincident with theaxis of the journalsj, upon whichl the cutter frame is suspcnded, a shaft is seciired in suitable bearings in said frame, upon whic'hjtwo pulleys; M M1, figs. 1 and 4, are securedfl', 'the'smallest one M receives a band N from a long driving drum O, and the other M1 receives a band M2, fig. 1, from a pulley' M3 on the cutter shaft', by which the proper'mot'ion is communicated to the-cutters. As the axis of the pulleys M M1 and'the journals j ;of the cutter frame are vei'tically coincident with each other, and with the axis of the driving drum, the cutter frame is therefore allowed to vibrate upon its journals, in communicating the motions of the pattern to the' cutter or its front end may be raisedlup out of the way, as shown in fig. 4, 'without interrupting the motion of the cutters, the driving drum,l or the carriage H. When the carriage is at the extreme of one'of its motions, and; the article being turned is finished, the front end of the cutter'franie is raised -in .order to allow the finished article to be'removed, and another piece of wood'secured in its place, tob'e turned by the returning motion of the carriage; but as thisend of the carriage is thev heaviest, it therefore requires to be supported in' its elevatcd position, which I do by means of a strut P, figs.` 3v and 4, hinged at its lower end to the frame H, and notclied at its 'upper end to receive a pin r, proje cting from the side of the frame, as shown in fig. 3 and this convenience results from the manner of suspending the cutter frame, driving the cutters, and 'the arrangement of the pattern above the guide, and the material to be turned, beneath thev cutters. The gearing for communicating the requisite motions to the pattern' and rou'gh material, is arranged at the left end of the machine, and consists of three cog Wheels of equal size, and a small driving pinion at the back of the machine The cog Wheels q q l are mounted upon theouter ends of the mandrels which carry the centres F F', and the intermediate cog wheel'Q2 is mohnted upon an adjustable curved arm Q3, attuched to and extending from one standard D to the othelJD'. .s the gear Wheels are liable to work loose, the ends of the curved arm are providedwith slots to receivescrew bolts, so that the intermediate wheel, Q2, can be properly adjusted when required. The pattern andthe rough material, it. will berseen, are ceutred so as 'to ballance each other in their revolutions and' thus prevent any unequal strain upon' the gearing. The drivin-g pinion, R, fig. 5, is mounted'upon a's'haft, R1, secured in a small' frame, R2, pivoted-to the standard, D', so that by means of a screw passing through' an arm of the. frame, and acting against a cross-bar of the standard, the pinion, R, may be raised or lowered in the are of a eircle to adjust it when required. On the outer end 'of the shaft, R2, there is a nest of cone pulleys, S, from one of which a band, S1, lleads -t'o oneof a-nest of cone pulleys, S72, directly below, on the end of a short sliaft, S3, secured in suitable bearings to the side of the' frame. On 'the inner end 'ofthis shaftthere are one large and two small pulleys, from the former, T, a band, T1, 'leads to a small pulley, T2, fig. 5, on the left end of the -shaft of the drum, O, from which the said 'sl1aft, S3, land its pulleys receive their motion. From thetwosmall pulleys U U1, figs. 1 and 5, one ofjwhich, U1, is a clutch pulley, hands U2 U3, lead to two larger pulleys, V V1, secured in suitable bearings at the front sidetof the machine. Oneiof these' bands, U3, is crossed for the purpose of reversing the motion of the cntter-cari'iage. To the outer end of the shaft,V3, a nest of cone pulleys, W, are secured from which abandJW', leads to" a similar nest of pulleys, X, on the end of the centrel feed scre'w, ,1. From this arrangement of pulleys and hands; the gearing for Operating the pattern, the material to bo turned and the feed screw, receive their' several and`proper` motions. To lthe outside of .the front beam, two horizontal shifting ro'ds, Z Z', are secured-by eye brackets 8, in which they are free to be moved. One of these'rods, Z', is lseourcd at its left end'to th end of a bar, i, fig. 5, pivoted at the middle of itsll'cngth to the under sideof vthe 'end rail of 'the frame, and attached by its rear end, which is forlred, to a clutch t', on the shaft, S3, for connecting and disconnecting the `clntch pulley, U2, on this shaft, and thns disengage the gearing for giving motion to the .pattern and the rough material with the dfiving'drum at pleasure. The other shifting rod, Z, is connected at its left end to a rod, u, pivotcdv to a bracket, u', and having a forked endwhich' embraces a clutch, v, on the shaft,` V3, between the two clutch pulleys, V V1. This clutoh and, Z, has' an arm, w,'near each end, made adjustible by screws, w', so as to be nearer to or further from each other, to suit the length .ot-"-theartiole being turned, in changing the motion of the carriage from right to left, and vice versa. To accomplish this a horizontal arm, x, is attached to' and exten'ds from the 'front side of the "carriage, H, and is bentdownwards at its front end so as to vstrike the stops, w, at the limit of the motion of the -earriage each way, and thereby rcvcrse 'its motion ;the clutch pulleys being loose upon their shaft, of course cannot 'give motion to it, until either one is cngaged with it, while the crossed-band from one of the pulleys reverscs lthe motion of the feeding' scrcw in a manncr well known to machinests. I l

I This machine is constructedto operate both ways, that is to say, by the motion' of the cuttors from right to left and from left-to right." This feature is held to be a great advantage over I'other.machines in obviating the necessity to wait fon-'the slow return of the' c'utterLfr-ame from one end of the machine to the other, aftcrthe article is finished, before operation can be againcnmmenced. To acc'omplish this therefore, the arched or dresssin g cutters areprovided with two circular roughing cutters or saws before described. 'One-for roughing the material 'as the cutters move t'o the right, and. the other for roughing a new piece secui'ed to the centres, as the cuttcrs move on their return motion to the left,and thusmuch time is gained and `the effective operation of the machine is the 'same either way. For it will be seen, that when the article being turned is fiiehed byl the motion of the gear:

carriage to the left, the cutter-frame is turned upon its axis so as to lift the cutters out of the way as shown in r fig. 4, the right centre, C, is unclamped and the finished article removed; the axis of another piece of Wood having' i been previously ascertained, is readilT and properly secnred to the centres and fi'rmly clamped. Thezmo'tions]` of the several' parts being unin'terrupted,`the cntter-frame is again relieved from its support, 1,), and aissumcs a;` horizontal position ready to commence the operationfrom left to right, th pattern. being alwas inits place,`

and the guide in contact therewith when the cutter-frame is down. It will be observed that to aiiord time to remove the finished article and replace it with another piece to be turned, the stops, w, are adjusted so astc allow the' cutters to move some distance beyond the end of the finished article, before the` motion of,the feed i 'screw is reversed, and as this motion is necessarihr very slowy it afl'ords ample time to make the change before the'cutters again approach the end of the rough material. The cut-ters andth'e'guide being mounted at opposite i ends of the pivoted frame, are presented, the former to the wood beneath by the greater weight of that end,` and thelatter to the pattern above. The driving centres are made to revolve ver)r sloivlyand the cuttersiwith` {great rapidity, the carriagel being caused to move slowly from one end of the machine to: theotheiand the cutters being free to move to or from the wood, and the guide being equally free to move to and from the pattern,

-it is plain that the inequalities of the pattern, as it rotates, will be communicated to` the guide and transmitted` to the cutters sov as to cut the piece of wood an exact resemblance oftthe pattern.`` The band,`N, which drives the cutters will traverse the drum with the motion of the carriage, i The cutters` revolve towards the pattern, and the rough material in the same/direction, and the material being beneath thercutters the motions of i the two` therefore,`meet in opposite directions,'an`d as the cntters chip away'thematerial, the shavings and chips are` ,thrown out at the front of the machine.` `vInorder to do this' eifectually, and protectithe travelling hand, the drum, v

carriage', and other parts of'the mechanism' fromlbeing` clogged; with chips and dust, attach a. light case or fender, 3/, to the frame, K,`so as to circulate the upperand rear poijrtion o fwthe cutters andiextend downward a short distance in the rear thereof. Directly beneath this casea Ttroghw', is sec riedrto the travelling carriage,

H, with its rear end curved upward so| as to meet and receive the end o f the case and formacontinuationzthereof i while its front end extends to the front of the frame; This chipcase: is thus made inltwo parts, both of which i i move with the carriage back and forth, while the upper one moves als verticallyhwith the cutter frame and ma` be'raised up withthe cutters as shown in fig. 4. When the cnttersihoweverai-eiin theposition to operate, the z` i two parts, y and y', meet and form av continuous -case to receive the cut `chips and` saw dust and discharge them' y at the front of the machine, and thereb prevent an accumulation of the cutlmaterial in piles beneaththe machine or upon its working parts. The several gearwheels and `pulle'ys are of adiameterfrelatively such as i to produce the proper .degree of motion to each part of the Operating mechanism, ,i

Having thus described my improvements, what I claim, isp 1. So constructing and arranging thel cutting and gniding frame, that its forward end, 1without the aid 'of extraneous devices, bears with a preponderating force down upon the work to `be,turnefl, while the reai' end is caused tobear up against the pattern, 'substantially in the'manneriiherein descrihedti i 5: ,i i i i 2, lThe construction of the cutter with two circular saws, and intermediate finishingcutters, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

32 The arrangement-of the device y 31', with the longitudinally moving framejjmandithe verticahy swinging w and longitudinally moving cutter-frame K, snbstantially as herein described.`

i In testimony whereof, Ihave hereunto signed my-name. 7 I z i i i J WILLIAM H. WU'SSOW;` Witnesses: v i,

:0. B. MAcUMBnn, v

H. T. VAN onrwrcx. 

